Which type of terrain can severely limit the effectiveness of mortars?

Steep, mountainous terrain significantly impacts mortar effectiveness for several key reasons. Mortars rely on a high-angle trajectory to deliver their payload accurately over both short and long distances. In steep, mountainous areas, the elevation and the presence of natural obstructions can interrupt the line of sight and create difficulties in both the aiming and firing processes.

Additionally, steep terrain can restrict the placement options for mortars. Proper positioning is crucial to ensure that the mortars can reach their intended targets while maintaining safety and minimizing risk to friendly forces. The variable elevation can lead to a higher likelihood of overshooting targets or failing to reach them altogether.

Unlike flatter terrains, where mortars can achieve their ranges without obstacles, or even moderate hills, which may only slightly hinder line-of-sight, steep mountainous regions can create considerable interference and complexity in operations. This can decrease the overall effectiveness and efficiency of mortar fire in providing support during combat operations.